不同接触形式下轮盘叶片系统的振动响应分析

以某压气机盘片系统为研究对象,基于ANSYS软件,建立了接触模型、接触不分离模型和刚性连接模型3种榫连结构接触约束形式下的盘片有限元模型,分别对3种模型进行了固有特性的分析,对比了三者的共振频率和振型;在离心力和气流激振力作用下,对3种模型进行了振动响应分析,得到三者的位移响应和应力随转速的变化规律。研究结果表明:接触模型和接触不分离模型的固有特性一致性较好,而刚性连接模型和接触模型在高频段存在较大差异。同时,刚性连接模型和接触不分离模型能够极大地改善接触模型在低转速下的收敛性。     

Distributed state estimation for heterogeneous mobile sensor networks with stochastic observation loss

The problem of distributed fusion and random observation loss for mobile sensor networks is investigated herein. In view of the fact that the measured values, sampling frequency and noise of various sensors are different, the observation model of a heterogeneous network is constructed. A binary random variable is introduced to describe the drop of observation component and the topology switching problem caused by complete observation loss is also considered. A cubature information filtering algo...     

基于协作机械臂的航电开关柔性检测算法

在基于协作机械臂的航电联调联试系统中,为了解决机械臂在检测航电开关时存在环境复杂、需要适应不同种类开关与定位误差等问题,提出了两种基于关节力传感器的航电开关柔性检测算法,用来检测航电联试环境中主要的3大类开关.基于外力阈值检测的接触定位与操作算法,通过广义动量观测器估计末端外力,并在控制机械臂运动时设置操作力阈值,实现...     

无人飞行器地面移动目标跟踪系统研究现状与展望

无人飞行器地面移动目标跟踪系统是一项在军事和民用方面都具有广泛应用前景的非常重要的研究课题。首先分析了系统的特点，然后详细介绍了国内外无人飞行器地面移动目标跟踪系统的研究方法和现状，并指出其不足。最后，针对现有系统中控制方法的欠缺，提出了将仿人眼控制系统用于无人飞行器上的摄像机云台控制的新方法。     

A view finder control system for an earth observation satellite

A real time TV view finder is used on-board a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite to manually select targets for imaging from a ground station within the communication footprint of the satellite. The attitude control system on the satellite is used to steer the satellite using commands from the groundstation and a television camera onboard the satellite will then downlink a television signal in real time to a monitor screen in the ground station. The operator in the feedback loop will be able to manually steer the boresight of the satellite's main imager towards interested target areas e.g. to avoid clouds or correct for any attitude pointing errors. Due to a substantial delay (in the order of a second) in the view finding feedback loop and the narrow field of view of the main imager, the operator has to be assisted by the onboard attitude control system to stabilise and track the target area visible on the monitor screen.This paper will present an extended Kalman filter used to estimate the satellite's attitude angles using quaternions and the bias vector component of the 3-axis inertial rate sensors (gyros). Absolute attitude sensors (i.e. sun, horizon and magnetic) are used to supply the measurement vectors to correct the filter states during the view finder manoeuvres. The target tracking and rate steering reaction wheel controllers to accurately point and with high agility stabilise the satellite, will be presented. The controller reference generator for the satellite-to-target attitude and rate vectors, as used by the reaction wheel controllers, will be derived.     

基座与臂杆全弹性空间机器人的有限时间控制

探讨了基座、臂杆全弹性影响下,基于有限时间的漂浮基空间机器人系统轨迹跟踪以及柔性抑振问题.由于弹性基座与两柔性杆之间存在多重动力学耦合关系,此系统为高度非线性系统.将弹性基座与臂杆间的连接视为线性弹簧,利用拉格朗日第二类方程并结合假设模态法,推导出该系统的动力学模型;应用奇异摄动理论的两种时间尺度假设,将系统分解为表示刚性运动的慢变子系统和表示基座弹性、双柔杆振动的快变子系统.针对慢变子系统,设计了一种基于名义模型的有限时间控制器,保证完成刚性期望轨迹跟踪.设计的积分式滑模面具有有限时间收敛特性,比传统渐近收敛控制方法具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性;对于快变子系统,采用线性二次型最优控制同时抑制弹性基座与两柔性杆的振动.Lyapunov理论证明了所提控制算法能使跟踪误差在有限时间内收敛到原点.仿真验证了控制方法的有效性.     

基于视频的三维人体姿态估计

已有的三维人体姿态估计方法侧重于通过单帧图像来估计人体的三维姿态,忽略了视频中前后帧之间的相关性,因此,通过挖掘视频在时间维度上的信息可以进一步提高三维人体姿态估计的准确率。基于此,设计了一种可以充分提取视频时序信息的卷积神经网络结构,在获得高精度的同时也具有消耗计算资源小的优点,仅仅使用二维关节点的坐标为输入即可恢复完整的三维人体姿态。然后提出了一种新的损失函数利用相邻帧间人体姿态的连续性,来改进视频序列中三维姿态估计的平滑性,同时也解决了因缺少帧间信息而导致准确率下降的问题。通过在公开数据集Human3.6M上进行测试,实验结果表明本文方法相比目前的基准三维姿态估计算法的平均测试误差降低了1.2 mm,对于视频序列的三维人体姿态估计有着较高的准确率。      

基于电阻抗层析成像的CFRP结构损伤检测

电阻抗层析成像（EIT）是一种新兴的碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）结构状态评估方法。通过将EIT技术应用于一种商用各向异性CFRP层合板,初步研究了EIT的结构损伤检测能力。利用COMSOL软件建立CFRP多种损伤模型,有限元分析获取三维场空间电势分布信息。为改进EIT技术对各向异性CFRP结构损伤的图像重构效果,采用嵌入式电极有效采集材料内部电信号;同时,提出一种改进的基于L1稀疏正则化的图像重建算法。另外建立一套基于数字万用表的嵌入式16电极的EIT硬件系统,利用EIT系统检测平台对简单CFRP损伤进行检测,结果显示损伤材料图像重建效果良好,证明EIT方法在CFRP结构损伤检测中的可行性。      

边条/鸭翼对前掠翼和后掠翼气动特性的影响

为分析前掠翼气动布局设计在航空工业中无法得到推广运用的原因,将前掠翼和后掠翼通过加装边条和鸭翼形成简化的边条翼布局、鸭式布局和边条/鸭式布局,从而深入认识前掠翼和后掠翼两种不同布局之间的流动特点以及涡系干扰机理。首先进行算例数值计算,通过对比分析计算结果与试验数据,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性和准确性;然后对不同布局进行数值计算,得到各布局的升力系数曲线;最后通过压力分布云图和流线图对各布局中复杂涡系的干扰机理进行分析。结果表明:基于后掠机翼形成的边条翼布局、鸭式布局和边条/鸭式布局中的涡系之间通过诱导和卷绕作用,涡系相互增强,大幅提高了布局的升力系数并推迟失速迎角,同时加装边条和鸭翼效果更加明显;基于前掠机翼形成的边条翼布局、鸭式布局和边条/鸭式布局中的涡系之间不存在卷绕作用,涡系之间存在碰撞挤压的不利干扰,这使得前掠翼布局在大迎角时的升力系数远远低于相应的后掠翼布局。前掠翼气动布局中的机翼前缘涡在大迎角时无法同鸭翼涡和边条涡相互耦合增强,不能充分地利用非线性升力,这是前掠翼气动布局设计中的一些不足。      

Nonlinear dynamic modeling and simulation of an atmospheric re-entry spacecraft

This paper discusses the dynamic modeling and simulation techniques for the X-38 re-entry spacecraft, a prototype crew return vehicle (CRV) for the international space station (ISS). A general simulator for atmospheric re-entry dynamics (GESARED) was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The 6 degree-of-freedom re-entry flight dynamics were modeled to achieve minimum restrictions and singularities. Quaternion representation of vehicle attitude was used to avoid computational singularities in angular kinematic model equations. The Earth's atmosphere, Earth's shape and gravitational potential were modeled appropriately. The vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics, navigation sensors, and the actuator dynamics were also modeled and implemented. Several numerical simulation tests and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model equations and the simulator.